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声母和韵母发音方法/Pronunciation Methods of Initials and Finals

声母的发音方法/Pronunciation Methods of Initials

声母总共有23个，其中双唇音：b、p、m，唇齿音：f，舌尖前音：z、c、s，舌尖中音：d、t、n、l，舌尖后音：zh、ch、sh、r，舌面音：j、q、x，舌根音：g、k、h。（以下内容点击声母发音） There are a total of 23 initial consonants (shengmu). Bilabial sounds: b, p, m; Labiodental sound: f; Front apical sounds: z, c, s; Central apical sounds: d, t, n, l; Retroflex apical sounds: zh, ch, sh, r; Dorsal sounds: j, q, x; Velar sounds: g, k, h. (Click the initials below to hear the pronunciation)

b
（玻）双唇闭合，挡住气流，然后双唇突然打开，让气流爆发出来。/Close both lips to block the airflow, then suddenly release them to produce a burst of air.
p
（坡）发音部位与方法与b相同，但是气流较b强。/The articulation position and method are the same as 'b', but with stronger airflow.
m
（摸）双唇闭合，把气堵住，发音时，气流从鼻腔透出成声，声带颤动。/Close both lips to block air, then let airflow pass through the nasal cavity while vocal cords vibrate.
f
（佛）上齿接触下唇，形成一条狭缝，让气流从狭缝中摩擦而出。/Upper teeth touch lower lip to form a narrow slit, letting air flow out with friction.
d
（得）舌尖抵住上齿龈，挡住气流，然后舌尖突然离开，吐出微弱的气流。/Tongue tip touches upper gums to block airflow, then suddenly releases to produce a weak burst of air.
t
（特）发音部位与方法和d 基本相同，不同的是送出的气流比较强。/Similar articulation to 'd' but with stronger airflow.
n
（讷）舌尖顶住上齿龈，挡住气流，让气流通向鼻腔，从鼻孔出来，声带颤动。/Tongue tip touches upper gums, directing airflow through nasal cavity while vocal cords vibrate.
l
（勒）舌尖顶住上齿龈，不顶满，让气流从舌头两边出来，声带颤动。/Tongue tip touches upper gums lightly, letting air flow around both sides while vocal cords vibrate.
ɡ
（哥）舌根抬起抵住软腭，挡住气流，然后突然打开，吐出微弱的气流。/Back of tongue rises to soft palate to block airflow, then suddenly releases with weak burst.
k
（科）发音部位与方法跟ɡ大体相同，只是吐出的气流比较强。/Similar articulation to 'g' but with stronger airflow.
h
（喝）舌根靠近软腭，形成一条狭缝，让气流从狭缝中摩擦而出。/Back of tongue approaches soft palate forming narrow slit for fricative airflow.
j
（基）舌前部抬起贴紧硬腭前端，然后再将舌稍稍离开，与硬腭形成一条狭缝，让气流从狭缝里挤出来。/Front tongue rises to hard palate, then slightly separates to form narrow slit for airflow.
q
（欺）发音部位、方法跟 j 大体相同，只是送出的气流较强。/Similar articulation to 'j' but with stronger airflow.
x
（希）舌前部抬起靠近硬腭，形成一条狭缝，让气流从中摩擦而出。/Front tongue approaches hard palate forming narrow slit for fricative airflow.
z
（资）舌尖向前平伸，抵住上齿背，憋住气，然后舌尖稍稍离开，形成狭缝，让气流从中挤出。/Tongue tip touches upper teeth, then slightly releases to form narrow slit for airflow.
c
（次）发音部位、方法跟z大体相同，只是吐出的气流较强。/Similar articulation to 'z' but with stronger airflow.
s
（思）舌尖向前平伸，靠近上齿背，形成一条狭缝，让气流从中挤出来。/Tongue tip approaches upper teeth forming narrow slit for fricative airflow.
zh
（知）舌尖翘起，抵住硬腭前部（上牙床后面的部位），然后舌尖稍稍离开，让气流从狭缝中挤出来。/Curled tongue tip touches hard palate, then slightly releases to form narrow slit for airflow.
ch
（蚩）发音部位、方法跟zh大体相同，只是吐出的气流较强。/Similar articulation to 'zh' but with stronger airflow.
sh
（诗）舌尖翘起，靠近硬腭前端，形成一条狭缝，让气流从中挤出来。/Curled tongue tip approaches hard palate forming narrow slit for fricative airflow.
r
（日）发音部位、方法跟sh相同，但是发音时舌的两侧要卷起，声带颤动。/Similar articulation to 'sh' but with curled tongue sides and vocal cord vibration.
y
和i的音相似，只是y是声母，声母发音较轻快；i是韵母，韵母发音时较响亮。/Similar sound to 'i', but 'y' is a lighter initial consonant while 'i' is a louder vowel.
w
和u的音相似，只是w是声母，声母发音较轻快；u是韵母，韵母发音时较响亮。/Similar sound to 'u', but 'w' is a lighter initial consonant while 'u' is a louder vowel.

韵母的发音方法/Pronunciation Methods of Finals

韵母共有24个。 韵母可分为 ： 单韵母：a、o、e、i、u、ü， 复韵母：ai、ei、ui、ao、ou、iu、ie、ve， 特殊元音韵母：er， 鼻韵母：an、en、in、un、vn、（前鼻韵母）,ang、eng、ing、ong（后鼻韵母）, 以下是韵母的发音方法。 （点击韵母发音） There are 24 finals in total. Finals can be divided into: Single finals: a, o, e, i, u, ü; Compound finals: ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, üe; Special vowel final: er; Nasal finals: an, en, in, un, ün (front nasal finals), ang, eng, ing, ong (back nasal finals). Below are the pronunciation methods for these finals. (Click on the final to hear pronunciation)

a
发音时，嘴唇自然张大，舌放平，舌头中间微隆，声带颤动。/Pronounced with lips naturally wide open, tongue flat with slight arch in middle, vocal cords vibrating.
o
发音时，嘴唇成圆形，微翘起，舌头向后缩，舌面后部隆起，舌居中，声带颤动。/Pronounced with rounded lips slightly protruding, tongue retracted with back raised, centered position, vocal cords vibrating.
e
发音时，嘴半开，舌位靠后，嘴角向两边展开成扁形，声带颤动。/Pronounced with mouth half-open, tongue positioned back, mouth corners stretched sideways forming flat shape, vocal cords vibrating.
i
发音时，嘴微张成扁平状，舌尖抵住下齿龈，舌面抬高，靠近上硬腭，声带颤动。/Pronounced with slightly open flat mouth, tongue tip against lower gums, tongue surface raised near hard palate, vocal cords vibrating.
u
发音时，嘴唇拢圆，突出成小孔，舌面后部隆起，声带颤动。/Pronounced with rounded protruding lips forming small opening, back of tongue raised, vocal cords vibrating.
ü
发音时，嘴唇成圆形，接近闭拢，舌尖抵住下齿龈，舌面前部隆起，声带颤动。/Pronounced with nearly closed rounded lips, tongue tip against lower gums, front of tongue raised, vocal cords vibrating.
ai
发音时，先发a的音，然后滑向i，气流不中断，读音轻短。/Pronounced by starting with 'a' then gliding to 'i' without interrupting airflow, short and light sound.
ei
发音时，先发e的音，然后滑向i，气流不中断，嘴角向两边展开。/Pronounced by starting with 'e' then gliding to 'i' without interrupting airflow, mouth corners stretching sideways.
ui
发音时，u的发音轻短，然后滑向ei，嘴形由圆到扁。/Pronounced with short light 'u' then gliding to 'ei', mouth shape changing from round to flat.
ao
发音时，先发a的音，然后舌尖后缩，舌根向上抬，嘴形拢成圆形，轻轻的滑向o。/Pronounced by starting with 'a' then retracting tongue tip, raising tongue root, rounding lips and gently gliding to 'o'.
ou
发音时，先发o的音，嘴唇渐收拢，舌根抬高，口型由大圆到小圆。/Pronounced by starting with 'o' then gradually closing lips, raising tongue root, mouth shape changing from large to small circle.
iu
发音时，先发i，然后向ou滑动，口型由扁到圆。/Pronounced by starting with 'i' then gliding to 'ou', mouth shape changing from flat to round.
ie
发音时，先发i，再发e，气流不中断。/Pronounced by starting with 'i' then moving to 'e' without interrupting airflow.
üe
发音时，先发ü的音，然后向e滑动，口型由圆到扁。/Pronounced by starting with 'ü' then gliding to 'e', mouth shape changing from round to flat.
er
发音时，舌位居中发e的音，然后舌尖向硬腭卷起，两个字母同时发音。/Pronounced with tongue in middle position for 'e' then curling tip toward hard palate, both letters pronounced simultaneously.
an
发音时，先发a的音，然后舌尖逐渐抬起，顶住上牙床发n的音。/Pronounced by starting with 'a' then gradually raising tongue tip to upper teeth for 'n' sound.
en
发音时，先发e的音，然后舌面抬高,舌尖抵住上牙床，气流从鼻腔泄出，发n的音。/Pronounced by starting with 'e' then raising tongue surface, tip against upper teeth, airflow through nose for 'n' sound.
in
发音时，先发i的音，然后舌尖抵住下门齿背，舌面渐至硬腭，气流从鼻腔泄出，发n的音。/Pronounced by starting with 'i' then tongue tip against lower teeth, surface rising to hard palate, airflow through nose for 'n' sound.
un
发音时，先发u的音，然后舌尖抵住上牙床，接着发n的音，气流从鼻腔泄出。/Pronounced by starting with 'u' then tongue tip against upper teeth for 'n' sound, airflow through nose.
ün
发音时，先发ü的音，然后舌头上抬，抵住上牙床，气流从鼻腔泄出，发n的音。/Pronounced by starting with 'ü' then raising tongue to upper teeth, airflow through nose for 'n' sound.
ang
发音时，先发a的音，然后舌根抵住上软腭，气流从鼻腔泄出，发后鼻音尾ng的音。/Pronounced by starting with 'a' then tongue root against soft palate, airflow through nose for final 'ng' sound.
eng
发音时，先发e的音，然后舌尖抵住下牙床，舌根后缩抵住软腭发ng音，气流从鼻腔泄出。/Pronounced by starting with 'e' then tongue tip against lower teeth, root retracted to soft palate for 'ng', airflow through nose.
ing
发音时，舌尖触下齿龈，舌面隆起至硬腭，鼻腔共鸣成声。/Pronounced with tongue tip touching lower gums, surface arched to hard palate, nasal resonance producing sound.
ong
发音时，先发o的音，然后舌根后缩抵住软腭，舌面隆起，嘴唇拢圆，鼻腔共鸣成声。/Pronounced by starting with 'o' then tongue root retracted to soft palate, surface arched, lips rounded, nasal resonance producing sound.